Acute toxicity test is a test to detect toxic effects that appear after
administration of a single dose of test preparation given orally to test animals.
Sweet star fruit (Averrhoa carambola L.) belongs to the Oxalidaceae family, its
ethanol extract has antioxidant, antibacterial and anticancer properties. The
purpose of this study was to determine the toxic effect and to determine the toxic
dose of 96% ethanol extract of sweet star fruit.
The simplicia powder was macerated with 96% ethanol solvent and then
evaporated with a rotary evaporator ± 40⁰C then evaporated over a waherbath ±
60⁰C then the extract obtained was tested for acute toxicity using 25 white mice
(Mus musculus L.) divided into 5 groups, namely the treatment was given ethanol
extract. 96% of sweet star fruit with doses of 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16g/kg bw were given
orally only once at the beginning of the study period. Observations were made 24
hours and continued for 7 days including toxic symptoms, mice mortality, and
LD50. Calculation of LD50 of 96% ethanol extract of sweet star fruit using the
Thomson and Weil method.
Observations showed no toxic symptoms in the treatment group with 96%
ethanol extract of sweet star fruit at doses of 1, 2 and 4 g/kg bw, while at doses 8
and 16 mg/kg bw, toxic symptoms were found. The administration of 96% ethanol
extract of sweet star fruit in groups of doses 1, 2 and 4 g/kg bw did not find dead
mice, while doses of 8 and 16 g/kg bw were found. The LD50 value of 96%
ethanol extract of sweet star fruit, which is 7413.10 mg/kg, is categorized as mild
toxicity.
Keywords: Averrhoa carambola L, Acute toxicity, Lethal dose 50.